设计过程：
（1）对应的程序如下：

USE Library  
DECLARE @num int  
SELECT @num=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM book)    --图书总数  
SELECT a.出版社 AS '出版社',  
  CASE
    WHEN a.rate>50.0 THEN '很高' 
    WHEN a.rate>30.0 THEN '较高' 
    WHEN a.rate>10.0 THEN '一般'
    ELSE '较低' 
  END AS '图书比例情况' 
FROM (SELECT 出版社 AS '出版社',  
       CAST(ROUND(COUNT(*)*100.0/@num,1) AS decimal(5,1)) AS 'rate'
       FROM book
        GROUP BY 出版社) a
ORDER BY a.rate  

（2）对应的程序如下：

USE Library  
DECLARE @num int  
SELECT @num=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM borrow)    --借书总数  
SELECT a.系名 AS '系名',  
  CASE
    WHEN a.rate>50.0 THEN '很高' 
    WHEN a.rate>30.0 THEN '较高' 
    WHEN a.rate>10.0 THEN '一般'
    ELSE '较低' 
  END AS '借书情况' 
FROM (SELECT depart.系名,CAST(ROUND(COUNT(*)*100.0/@num,1) AS decimal(5,1)) AS 'rate'  
FROM borrow,student,depart  
WHERE borrow.学号=student.学号 AND student.班号=depart.班号  
GROUP BY depart.系名) a  
ORDER BY a.rate DESC  

（3）对应的程序如下：

USE Library  
GO  
DECLARE b_cur CURSOR  
   FOR SELECT DISTINCT(图书名),定价 FROM book
DECLARE @bn char(20),@dj decimal(4,1),@pr char(10)  
OPEN b_cur  
FETCH NEXT FROM b_cur INTO @bn,@dj  
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0  
BEGIN  
  SET @pr=CASE
    WHEN @dj>=50 THEN '价格太高' 
    WHEN @dj>=30 THEN '价格偏高' 
    WHEN @dj>=20 THEN '价格适中' 
    WHEN @dj>=10 THEN '价格偏低' 
    ELSE '价格太低了' 
  END
  PRINT @bn+CAST(@dj AS char(5))+@pr
  FETCH NEXT FROM b_cur INTO @bn,@dj
END  
CLOSE b_cur  
DEALLOCATE b_cur  
GO  

（4）对应的程序如下：

USE Library  
GO  
DECLARE b_cur CURSOR  
  FOR 
    SELECT a.出版社,CAST(bsum*100.0/psum AS decimal(4,1)) As 'rate'
    FROM (SELECT 出版社,COUNT(*) AS 'psum'
      FROM book
      GROUP BY 出版社) a,
      (SELECT b.出版社,COUNT(bor.图书编号) AS 'bsum'
       FROM book b,borrow bor
       WHERE b.图书编号=bor.图书编号
       GROUP BY b.出版社) b
    WHERE a.出版社=b.出版社
DECLARE @pn char(16),@rt decimal(4,1)  
OPEN b_cur  
FETCH NEXT FROM b_cur INTO @pn,@rt  
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0  
BEGIN  
  PRINT '"'+RTRIM(@pn)+'"图书借出率为'+RTRIM(CAST(@rt AS char(5)))+'%'
  FETCH NEXT FROM b_cur INTO @pn,@rt
END  
CLOSE b_cur  
DEALLOCATE b_cur  
GO